Asian Journal of Healthy and Science

Liniment Formulation with a Combination of Red Palm Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil Base Ingredients

Fri, 06 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Red palm oil (RPO) is a product that contains high levels of carotene and vitamin E. RPO includes several components such as total carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and tocotrienols, with varying levels of carotene and vitamin E. Vitamin E is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the skin and is found in the lipid components of the skin. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained from the fresh coconut kernel without the use of high heat or chemicals. VCO is also used as a liniment because it contains vitamin E and other nutrients. The combination of RPO and VCO was used as a base for liniment formulation with a combination of red palm oil and virgin coconut oil base ingredients. Eight formulas were formulated with various concentrations of RPO and VCO, obtained from Design-Expert software, with the responses being density, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that the combination of RPO and VCO could maintain the stability of the liniment preparation. The optimum formula from the prediction program in Design-Expert was 87.342% RPO and 2.658% VCO.

Comparison of Disk and Well Methods for Measuring the Inhibition Power of Staphylococcus Aureus Using Betel Leaf Extract (Peperomia Pellucida)

Indah Widyaningsih, Imroatul Lailuna, Akhmad Sudibyo, Agusniar Furkani — Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of disk diffusion and well diffusion methods in measuring the antibacterial activity of Peperomia pellucida extract against Staphylococcus aureus. The research employed a laboratory experimental design with five treatment groups: three extract concentrations (20%, 50%, and 70%), ampicillin as positive control, and distilled water as negative control. The extract was diluted using 2% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) as a solvent. Bacterial cultures were grown on Mueller-Hinton agar media and tested using both disk and well diffusion methods with five replicates per treatment, resulting in 50 total samples. Following 24-hour incubation at room temperature, inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two methods (p = 0.008 < 0.05). The well diffusion method produced significantly larger mean inhibition zones (13.254 mm) compared to the disk diffusion method (8.454 mm) across all extract concentrations. These findings indicate that the well diffusion method is more effective for evaluating the antibacterial activity of P. pellucida extract, likely due to superior diffusion dynamics and greater volume capacity for plant extracts. The well method also offers practical advantages, including lower cost and simpler implementation procedures.

Ethanolic Cosmos caudatus Extract Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Serum Lipid Profile Derangements in Female Wistar Rats

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Doxorubicin remains a cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent, yet its clinical benefit is tempered by systemic toxicities that may extend to cardiometabolic disturbances, including dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether an ethanolic extract of Cosmos caudatus can mitigate doxorubicin-associated serum lipid derangements in female Wistar rats. Aerial parts of C. caudatus were authenticated and extracted by repeated maceration in 96% ethanol, concentrated under reduced pressure, and stored until use. Fifteen female Wistar rats (6-8 weeks; 220-280 g) were allocated to three groups (n=5/group): control (vehicle), doxorubicin (5 mg/kg i.p., once weekly for 4 weeks), or C. caudatus plus doxorubicin (200 mg/kg/day oral gavage for 1 week pre-treatment, followed by continued daily extract with concurrent doxorubicin for 4 weeks). At study end, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using enzymatic colorimetric assays; groups were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (two-tailed, ? = 0.05). Doxorubicin induced a pronounced dyslipidemic profile versus controls, increasing TC (118 ± 10 vs 78 ± 7.2 mg/dL; p < 0.0001) and TG (128 ± 20 vs 71 ± 10 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), reducing HDL-C (36 ± 4.3 vs 52 ± 4.6 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), and elevating LDL-C (41 ± 8.4 vs 17 ± 3.7 mg/dL; p < 0.0001). Cosmos caudatus treatment significantly attenuated these abnormalities compared with doxorubicin alone (TC 98 ± 9.8, p = 0.0138; TG 100 ± 11, p = 0.0268; HDL-C 45 ± 2.7, p = 0.0148; LDL-C 29 ± 4.8 mg/dL, p = 0.0191), supporting a partial normalization toward a less atherogenic lipid profile. These findings suggest ethanolic C. caudatus may be a promising botanical adjunct to reduce anthracycline-associated dyslipidemia, warranting mechanistic, dose-response, and safety-focused studies.

Implementation of the Setia (Pharmacist E-Telepharmacy System) Application Based on Artificial Intelligence for Monitoring Drug Therapy in Hospitals

Feri Setiadi, Hesty Utami Ramadaniati, Dian Ratih Laksmitawati, Ahmad Subhan — Fri, 06 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Drug interactions, dosage regimen accuracy, and assessment of clinical parameters such as ideal body weight, nutritional status, and renal function are important aspects in the safe and rational use of drugs. SETIA application was developed as a clinical decision support system to assist healthcare professionals in evidence-based clinical decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of drug interaction recommendations, interaction mechanisms, dosage regimens, and clinical parameters between the SETIA application and international reference literature. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, using medical records of hospitalized patients. The analysis included identification of the severity of drug interactions, interaction mechanisms, dosage regimen recommendations based on renal function, and calculation of ideal body weight, nutritional status, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The results of the SETIA application were compared with reference literature (Lexicomp, Medscape, Micromedex, Drug.com, The Renal Drug Handbook, NHLBI, ClinCalc LLC, and Clinical Creatinine Clearance). The level of agreement between the SETIA application and the literature was 53.3%, with the highest agreement in the moderate-moderate category (33.3%). All data met the assumptions of homogeneity and normality (). The SETIA application showed good agreement with the reference literature in identifying drug interactions, interaction mechanisms, dosage recommendations, and calculating clinical parameters. These findings support the hypothesis that the SETIA application has the potential to be used as a clinical decision support system to support safe, rational, and evidence-based drug use, especially in hospitalized patients.