The Relationship between Smoking and Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG): A Scoping Review

Smoking is a serious public health problem. The condition of the oral cavity is directly affected by smoking, and this is associated with an increase in calculus formation resulting in an increased risk of periodontal disorders. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is one of the periodontal disorders caused by the presence of bacteria or microbes in the gingival region. However, it can also be affected by risk factors including smoking which can cause various periodontal tissue changes. The purpose of this review is to determine the relationship and characteristics of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) related to smoking. This review is a literature review using the scoping review method. This method facilitated the collection of relevant studies with different methodologies and examination to clarify the definition of a topic and map the conceptual boundaries of a topic. Articles were searched using PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, and Scopus databases from November 2023 to January 2024 with inclusion criteria of English language articles discussing ANUG with risk factors for tobacco smoking. The study design used in the articles consisted of 5 articles with cross-sectional studies and 3 articles with case-control studies. This review looked at the effect of smoking on ANUG based on smoking status and amount, clinical signs, and treatment. Seven of the eight articles reviewed stated that there was a significant association between smoking and ANUG. Smoking has a significant association with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) by affecting the condition of periodontal tissues.